Ratchets and Sockets: Sizes, Types and Uses

Whether you’re working on a car, a piece of machinery or taking on a building project, a ratchet is an essential tool. Commonly used for fastening nuts and bolts, there are different types of ratchets available. Here are some important things to note:

• Ratchet sizes differ according to usage. Common ratchet sizes include 1/4-in. drive, 3/8-in. drive, 1/2-in. drive and 3/4-in. drive. Having different socket wrench sizes will allow you to operate different socket sizes based on your particular needs.
• Most ratchets use a geared drive. Gearless options use a rolling bearing, which can help you make greater changes with less effort. Jointed and flex-head ratchets are helpful for working in small, hard-to-reach areas.
• Tooth count of ratchets can vary. The teeth, which are the number of notches in the gear inside the ratchet head, are a factor when it comes to usage. A higher tooth count, from about 72 to 160 teeth, requires less handle movement to turn a fastener. This allows the user to work in small, confined spaces. A lower tooth count requires greater handle movement for a turn.

Sockets connect to the ratchet to help you make adjustments quickly and easily. Depending on the job at hand, you’ll need a certain type of socket. Here’s a breakdown of the most common socket types you’ll find and when you’ll likely use them:

• SAE sockets: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) sockets are manufactured for work on American-made vehicles. Socket sizes are measured based on imperial system inches and fractions. Some of the commonly used SAE sizes are 3/8 in., 5/8 in. and 11/16 in. sockets.
• Metric sockets: Ideal for working on imported vehicles, metric sockets' sizes are measured in millimeters. The most commonly used types are 8 mm, 10 mm and 14 mm sockets.
• Torx® bit sockets: The sockets are fitted with star-shaped bits designed for Torx® screws. Torx bit socket sizes are identified with the capital "T" followed by a number. The socket sizes range from T1 to T100, with the most common for Torx screws T6, T8, T10, T15, T20, T25 and T30. Torx screw sockets are ideal for where you need extra power and more torque.
• Impact sockets: Designed to be used with impact wrenches, impact sockets are ideal for heavy-duty tasks such as removing old, difficult or rusted bolts on cars or machinery. SAE and metric impact socket sizes are both available.
• Driver sockets: Also called bit sockets, these work to tighten and loosen screws using your ratchet handle. Driver sockets are available for almost all screw types like Phillips, flat head and hex.
• Pass-through sockets: These allow the bolt you’re working on to pass through the socket and ratchet. This function can be useful for long, threaded bolts in cars, electronics and machinery.
• Spark plug sockets: Specially fitted for changing spark plugs, spark plug sockets make quick work of this automotive repair job.

Not every socket works for every job, even if it’s the right size. If you’re working in a tight space or on a difficult project, you may need a special socket length or type to get the job done efficiently. Some special features also make working with ratchets and sockets easier.

Socket Lengths

• Standard length sockets: These are best for basic projects that you’ll take on.
• Deep sockets: A deep socket can help you reach bolts that are far down in a vehicle or piece of machinery that you’re working on. These are often needed when the bolt protrudes from the nut, like a tire lug nut, or the fastener is recessed.
• Low-profile sockets: These are helpful for tight spaces that can be tough to operate in.
• Mid-length.or intermediate sockets: These sockets are useful for projects in tight spaces that require additional reach.

Special Features and Additional Tools

• Socket extensions: An extension goes between the socket and ratchet to make it easier to reach embedded parts. Locking extensions help keep your socket from falling off.
• Socket adapters: Socket adapters let you use a particular socket with a ratchet of a different size.
• Breaker bars: A breaker bar is designed to help break a stuck or difficult seal on a nut or bolt. Once released, you can use a standard wrench and socket to finish the job.

Ratchet and socket sets, along with specialty tools like breaker bars, are crucial for all sorts of vehicle repairs, construction tasks and electronic and machinery maintenance. A standard SAE and metric set is ideal for most tasks. Some larger ratchet and socket sets even include both.

For ease of use, keep your socket sizes in order when you store your tools. That way, you’ll always be ready for any repair or upgrade you take on.