What Is Firestopping

The terms firestopping and firestop are used to describe the act of and materials used to fill openings in a passive fire protection system. Pipes, conduits, ductwork and exhaust systems often create openings as they pass through firewalls and floors. In the event of a fire, these openings are paths through which gasses, smoke and flames can spread. Firestopping inhibits the spread.

Firestopping is required at the following locations:

• Pipe penetrations
• Joints
• Top of walls
• Curtain walls
• Slab edges

There are many types of firestop materials, each designed to meet specific requirements. Firestops are typically made of silicones, mineral fibers, rubbers, intumescents or cementitious mortars. Regardless of material, all firestops in the US should be tested and approved by either Underwriters Laboratories® or Omega Laboratory. Firestop product labeling will include these details as well as test rating.

• Penetration sealants - Firestops that fill and seal the area around pipes, conduits, ductwork and other metallic elements that pass through a fire barrier
• Pipe collars - Intumescent firestops that surround non-metallic elements that pass through a fire barrier
• Pass-through devices - Intumescent firestop cables that can self-adjust as conduits, pipes and other penetrants are added and removed
• Sleeves - Firestops designed for easy removal and use with cables that typically come with intumescent putty
• Composite sheets - Intumescent firestops that typically come in large sheets to cover unused and larger openings, such as those for ventilation
• Cast-in devices - Firestops built into construction where penetrations are expected
• Firestop pillows - Intumescent firestops typically used to retrofit existing firestop seals around new pipes, cables and ventilation

Firestopping standards are mandated by state, county and city building codes. Be sure you are up to date on your local codes before beginning new construction or remodels.

Almost all firestopping standards include the following:

• Where firestopping is required
• Where and how firestopping should be labeled
• What test rating is needed

Methods and materials are difficult to identify without proper documentation and may result in violations.

In most areas, firestopping standards are modeled after those set by The National Fire Protection Association®. In all instances, the goal is to delay the spread of flames, smoke and toxic gasses and give first responders more time to respond.

Fireproofing and firestopping are both forms of passive fire protection.

• Fireproofing is the spray-on product applied to building materials. It also can be a physical building material like a concrete floor or ceiling.
• Firestopping is the method and material used to close off openings in fireproof walls and floors.

NFPA.org, “National Fire Protection Association Report.” 2015.

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