How to Use a Paint Sprayer

The three common types of paint sprayers are airless sprayers, High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) sprayers and pneumatic sprayers. When deciding between an air vs. an airless paint sprayer, consider the following:

Airless paint sprayers are used by skilled novices and professionals for large surfaces, such as interior walls and house siding. This type of sprayer uses pressurized force to deliver a large volume of paint quickly. Airless spray painting can deliver paint at a rate of a half gallon to 2 gallons a minute. Choose an airless sprayer if using a paint sprayer does not require much precision work to complete a big job.

HVLP paint sprayers are suitable for detailed applications that require accuracy and a smooth finish. These types of paint sprayers use air flow and paint volume controls for fast and even paint delivery. The output of paint from HVLP paint sprayers can cover large surfaces quickly. They are also effective for touch-up work. Choose a standing or a lightweight, stationary model of an HVLP sprayer to avoid arm fatigue.

Pneumatic paint sprayers use compressed air. They can apply a greater volume of paint than airless and HVLP sprayers. They are used for precision application of paint in detailed commercial and industrial work, such as motor vehicle body parts.

When you use a paint sprayer, you’ll go through more paint than if you use a brush or a roller. Make sure to have enough paint to finish your project.

Before you start prepping for your project, check the weather. Temperatures below 45 degrees Fahrenheit (F) can cause the sprayer to get stopped up. Days hotter than 75 degrees (F) can make paint dry too quickly, so it won’t stick to the surface of what you’re painting.

Painting with a sprayer requires some preparation of the work area.

• If the painting job is in a room or in a workshop, make sure it is well-ventilated. Open the windows in the work area and use window-mounted fans to exhaust the paint vapors. Use a face mask or respirator mask to prevent breathing in airborne paint particles and gloves to keep hands free of paint spatter.
• Cover the floor, rugs and furniture with drop cloths or tarps to shield from paint spatter.
• Apply painter's tape to baseboards, light outlets and window and door sills to protect them from errant paint.
• Have buckets on hand for mixing paint and to collect rags or paper towels to clean up spilled paint.
• Use large pieces of cardboard or scrap material to practice painting with the sprayer.

The paint of choice used in sprayers should flow smoothly and evenly through the sprayer’s hose and out the nozzle without clogging. You’ll want to know how to thin paint for a sprayer. The lower the paint viscosity, or consistency, the better to use in a sprayer.

• Airless paint sprayers work with oil-based paint or stain. Typically, you shouldn’t need to thin paint for an airless sprayer.
• HVLP paint sprayers work with oil-based paint. Thicker paints, such as water-based latex, can clog the sprayer. Combine a half-cup of water for every gallon of latex paint in a bucket and stir thoroughly to thin its consistency before using latex paint in an HVLP gun.
• Pneumatic paint sprayers work with oil-based enamel, acrylic and latex paints.
• Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific details on selecting paint and thinning it for the sprayer you’ll be using.

Practice with the paint sprayer before the project to get comfortable with how it works, especially if you’re a novice at using one.

• Fill the sprayer’s reservoir with paint and spray a large scrap of cardboard propped up on a wall. Scraps of drywall also work fine to practice on. Take your time learning how to use a paint sprayer and have several pieces of scrap material on hand.
• Try various vertical and horizontal spraying movements to get a consistent pattern of paint onto the surface of the scrap material. You want the surface to achieve a uniform look when using a paint sprayer.
• Holding the spray gun close to a surface applies more paint and creates a narrower spray pattern. Practice holding the spray gun closer to the surface for that result.
• Holding the gun farther away from the surface creates a thinner coat of paint and a wider spray pattern. Work on how to use a paint sprayer to create that result, as well.
• If you hold the sprayer too far away, the paint can dry before it reaches the surface. If that happens, you might need to respray the surface and take even more time to complete the project. Also, your paint supply won’t last as long.

As you start painting with a sprayer, move it in a broad stroke motion before pulling the paint gun trigger. Doing this prevents too much paint from building on the surface where it’s being applied. Continue the stroke after releasing the trigger.

• Note how the paint lands on the surface when you start spraying. Speed up or slow down as needed to get the coverage even and consistent.
• Spray straight toward the surface and avoid directing the spray at a steep angle.
• Adjust the tip of the sprayer for a vertical or horizontal application pattern.
• Avoid swinging your arm back and forth. Instead, move your arm carefully back and forth to spray. Do not over flex your wrist. Keep the gun positioned to prevent spray arches that can make an uneven coating of paint.
• Regularly wipe the tip of the paint sprayer with a rag to prevent paint from drying and disrupting the spray pattern.
• Paint any eaves and corners first. Work from the top down.
• Clean the entire spray painter thoroughly, following the manufacturer’s instructions once your project is finished.
• Do not store paint in the paint sprayer for any extended period.
• Keep safety in mind when operating a paint sprayer. Never aim the sprayer at a person or animal.
• Paint that lands on the skin from a high-pressure sprayer can be hazardous. If that happens, seek immediate medical attention.

When you’re finished using a paint sprayer, it will need to be cleaned. The methods for cleaning air vs. airless paint sprayers differ slightly. For both types of sprayers, though, you need to empty out the paint. You’ll also need to take the sprayer apart to clean its individual pieces.

Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific details on cleaning a paint sprayer.